Abbreviation & Acronyms

 

Abbreviation and Acronyms এর মধ্যে পার্থক্য:

Acronyms ও এক ধরনের abbreviation কিন্তু এদের মধ্যে একটা পার্থক্য রয়েছে।
Abbreviation এ প্রতিটি অক্ষরকে আলাদাভাবে উচ্চারণ করা হয় এবং এটাকে শব্দ হিসেবে পড়া হয় না ।
কিন্তু Acronyms কে একটি শব্দ হিসেবে উচ্চারণ করা হয় এবং Abbreviation এর মত প্রতিটি অক্ষরকে আলাদাভাবে উচ্চারণ করা হয় না।

Example:- ISO (International organization of Standardization) where the ‘I.S.O’ is pronounced individually.
- NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) where the ‘NATO’ is pronounced as a word.

The list of most common and useful abbreviations are given here-

Technology/ Computer:

• PDA – Personal Digital Assistance.
• ALU – Arithmetic Login Unit.
• RAM – Random Access Memory
• ROM –Read Only Memory.
• DVD – Digital Video Disk.
• CD –Compact Disk.
• CD-RW – Compact Disk Rewritable.
• ORM – Optical Mark Reader.
• USB – Universal Serial Bus.
• CAD – Computer Aided Design/Drafting.
• IPS – Instant Power System.
• UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
• AC- Alternating Current / Air Condition.
• DC – Direct Current.
• HP - Hewlett-Packard (A Company Name)/ Horse Power
• LASER – Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
• RADER – Radio Detection And Ranging.
• ATM - Automated Teller Machine
• VoIP - Voice over Internet Protocol

Internet/ Web/Mobile:

• WWW- World Wide Web
• HTTP- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
• IP – Internet Protocol.
• GPRS- General Packet Radio Service.
• WAP - Wireless Application Protocol.
• SIM- Subscriber Identity Module.
• CDMA -Code Division Multiple Access.
• GSM-The Global System for Mobile Communications.
• EDGE -Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution.
• ISD – International Subscriber Dialing.
• FM- Frequency Modulation.
• ID – Identification.
• PIN - Personal Identification Number.
• CMS – Content Management System.

Organization/ Institute/ Business/Company/ Security:

• DIG – Deputy Inspector General of Police.
• GM- General Manager.
• CEO - Chief Executive Officer.
• HRD – Human Resources Department.
• IBM – International Business Machine.
• ISO - International Organization for Standardization.
• ISD – International Subscriber Dialing.
• BBC – British Broadcasting Corporation.
• CNN -Cable News Network.
• ESPN – Entertainment and Sports Programming Network
• NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• SWAT - Special Weapons And Tactics
• SWOR - Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats ( Analysis method).
• SME - Small and Medium Enterprise.
• WHO - World Health Organization.
• NGO - Non-Governmental Organization.
• BDS -Business Development Services.
• BBC - British Broadcasting Corporation.
• EU - European Union.
• IRS - Internal Revenue Service
• NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
• NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
• UNICEF - United Nations Children's Fund.
• FBI – Federal Bureau of Investigation.
• CIA – Central Intelligence Agency.
• POP – Post Office Protocol.

Time/ Zone/ Area:

• GMT - Greenwich Mean Time.
• GPS -Global Positioning System.
• AM- Ante Meridiem (Before noon, morning).
• PM – Post Meridiem (afternoon, evening).
• B.C. - Before Christ.
• EST - Eastern Standard Time.
• U.S.A. - United States of America.

Education/ Degree:

• Ph.D.- Doctor of Philosophy
• MBBS – Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery)
• FCPS-Fellow of College of Physicians and Surgeons
• B.A- Bachelor of Arts
• BBA- Bachelor of Business Administration
• MBA- Master of Business Administration
• CSE- Computer Science & Engineering
• MCS- Master of Computer Science
• M.Sc.- Master of Science
• LL.B. -Bachelor of Laws
• BDS- Doctor of Dental Surgery or Doctor of Dental Science
• ACCA-Association of Chartered Certified Accountants.
• IELTS- International English Language Testing System
• ISBN - International Standard Book Number

Study/Reading/Writing:

• E.g- Exempli gratia ( Latin which means ‘for example’).
• N.B.- Note Bene (Note Well)
• etc.- et cetera (And so on)
• Govt. - Government.
• i.e. (or i.e. / I.E.)- "id est" (Latin which means “That is (to say)" or "in other words").
• IQ- Intelligence Quotient
• Q&A - Question and Answer
• DOB – Date Of Birth
• FAQ- Frequently asked Questions

Medical/ Health:

• CBC –Complete Blood Count.
• ICU – Intensive Care Unit.
• CCU – Cardiac Care Unit.
• HIV -Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
• AIDS - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

Weight/ Volume:

• gal. - gallon
• lb - pound
• oz - ounce
• pt - pint
• qt - quart
• wt. - weight
• vol. – volume
• kg - kilogram
• km- kilometer
• m - meter
• mg - milligram
• mm – millimeter
• in. - inch
• ft - foot
• mi - mile
• yd - yard

SMS/ Texting/ Chat:

• B4N - Bye for now
• ASAP - As soon as possible.
• NP - No problem
• TIC - Tongue in cheek
• OMG- Oh My God.
• KISS – Keep It Simple Stupid
• LOL – Laughing Out Loud
• BF – Boyfriend
• GF – Girlfriend

Miscellaneous

• VIP - Very Important Person
• IPL-Indian Premier League